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Estates as the protest against excessive requisitions from outside the seigneur. AtThe slightest possibility peasants paid off from feudal obligations, sometimes
At once and entirely, sometimes - by means of periodic monetary payments. Such
Way of disposal of feudal duties and taxes, in a combination with Acquisition by peasants of the alienated right to the cultivated land - not Single event, and the long process which has begun in Holland, France,
England, - have designated the end it systems and occurrence side by side with
Consisting of small economy. These, though also slow, but revolutionary Changes in the economic organisation of an agricultural production,
Have made possible improvement of receptions of housekeeping, manufacture growth
Foodstuff and finally - a society urbanization.
It is necessary to consider and that was second half XIV centuries an epoch of accidents,
Which and in itself were capable to destroy any social balance:
Wars, plague epidemics, poor harvests, and, first of all, unprecedented reduction
The population. It is possible to interpret these accidents as the terrible form of reaction on
Pressure of the population which have resulted end of process of development of the wild
The earths, begun in Europe of years for 400 before. Feudal system, its prices and
The obligations weaved into a network of termless contracts, were not capable
To warn about fundamental change in a relative rarity of work and The earths, to adapt in time to it.
The Western Europe has adapted to all these events, having changed system. In
Result of such change of military technologies, at which ground The aristocracy has lost the semiindependence and has turned in it
Court and politicians, the Western Europe has changed the landed property form on such,
Which has replaced system of serf agriculture on monetary and -
Far it is not casual - has begun process of reduction of a share of agricultural population and
Increases in a share of townspeople.
As we will see in chapter 3, in the middle of XIV century events, which not have begun
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