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Synonyms.It is easy to show that sea transport substantial improvement has been reached
In XV century. It is not so easy to demonstrate communication between perfection
Transport and economic progress of the West. In sphere of transport the major
Significance belongs to the invention of courts with complete sailing arms, which
Up to the XIX-th century end served as main means of maritime trade of the West. In
The beginning of XV century typical merchant ships in Atlantic were still about such,
On what William the Conqueror has landed in England. It were "the round" ships
-- The relation of length to width only 3:1, - having one mast with one Square sail. Trevor
I. Williams, pp. 474 - 477. See also it. It Deny, A History of Technology, vol. 3 (New York:
Oxford University Press,
chap. 6., Singer et al., 1957), A Short History of Technology (Oxford: Clarendon Press and 1960) in XIII century to this equipment were added by time a foremast and
Fok-sail. Such equipment was unstable, lateral the wind took down a vessel in
Lee side, depriving of its controllability. To counterbalance a fok-sail,
The slanting sail was necessary, and approximately in the middle of XV century it has been hung on
Mainmast. We do not know a name, even a nationality of the inventor. The first
The clear image of three-mast courts appears in 1466 on the French
Medals, and we know that ship builders of Bajonny possessed about the Spanish
Borders, had high reputation at contemporaries, but we can only
To assume that this reputation has been somehow connected with ability to build
Three-mast sailing vessels.
The Mainmast usually bore Latin equipment. In Latin arms Used the triangular sails fastening to yards, possessed under the sharp Corner to a mast, contrary to more familiar rectangular sails, for Which yards fastened at right angle to a mast. Such equipment, usual for
Direction. In the end of XV century on the Atlantic courts a main sail at Leeward rate on former there was a big grotto-sail, but addition fok - and Mizzen-masts have made these vessels much faster and obedient to a wheel.
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