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Isaac Azimov
Varnishes Starr and oceans of Venus
The lane from English D.Arseneva
The preface
This book has been published for the first time in 1954, and The description of a surface of Venus corresponds to the astronomical To submissions of that period.
However since 1954 of knowledge of astronomers about internal planets Solar system have considerably grown thanks to application Radar and space rockets.
In the late fifties the radio-waves reflected from Venus, Have forced to assume that its surface it it is significant More than was considered earlier. On August, 27th, 1962 the space Station "Mariner-2" has departed in a direction of Venus and has passed by It on the nearest removal in 21 thousand miles on December, 14th 1962 Year. Measuring reflexions of radio-waves from a surface of Venus, it Has shown that superficial temperature really Considerably above a water boiling point.
It means that Venus not only has no covering All surface of ocean as it is described in this book, - it in general Has no oceans. All water of Venus is in the vaporous Condition in its clouds, and the surface is extremely hot and
It is dry. Atmosphere of Venus is more dense, than was considered earlier, and consists
Almost exclusively from carbon dioxide.
Per 1954 the cycle time of Venus also was not known About the axis. In 1964 beams of the radar reflected from Surfaces of Venus, have shown that it makes one turn-over for 243 days (for 18 days longer its year) also rotate in "Wrong" direction compared with other planets.
I hope, the book will be pleasant to readers, though would not like, That they seriously perceived a material which was considered "Exact" in 1954, and it is now absolutely obsolete.
Isaac Azimov
November, 1970
The first chapter. Through clouds of Venus
Varnishes Starr and John Bigmen Dzhonz have made a start from the space
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