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University Press, 1976), p. 177.] in 1870 in the United States The majority of factories used energy of water turbines, instead of steam Engines, and only in 1880 position was changed [Jeremy Atack, "Fact inFiction? The Relative Costs of Steam and Water Power: A Simulation Approach ",
Explorations in Economic History 4 (October 1979): 409 - 437, table 1, 412]. WITH
Other party, by A.D.Taylor's estimations the textile industry of England in Lancashire, Jorkshire, Derbyshire and Chershire in 1838 used Essentially more than steam engines, than water, and by 1850 this rupture
Has still increased. By its estimations total capacity of water-mills was reduced
About 8917 h.p. In 1838 to 7 518 h.p. In 1850, and capacity of the steam
Engines for the same period has increased about 39 579 h.p. To 61 586 h.p. [A. J.
Taylor, "Concentration and Specialisation in the Lancashire Cotton Industry, 1825 - 1850 ", Economic History Review 1, 2:115]. The steam engine Steam engine Njukomena have started to use in England since 1725 for - waters from mines and for some other purposes. Its main detail was The piston moving in the big vertical cylinder. Pressure of steam,
Submitted to the cylinder from a copper, lifted the piston. Injection of cold water
Besieged steam and created in the cylinder vacuum. Atmospheric pressure lowered
The piston downwards, and the engine was ready to new injection of steam.
Though the atmospheric engine has appeared the first, it is considered to be the inventor
James Uatta's steam engine. Really, he has managed - through fifty Years after introduction in engine Njukomena operation - so to change Design that coal consumption was reduced to two thirds. Efficiency
Has raised at the expense of use of the separate cylinder for steam condensation.
The vacuum sucked away steam from the main cylinder in that point of a cycle, when in the engine
- water for steam cooling there moved. Thanks to it in Engine Uatta the main cylinder remained constantly hot and submitted there
Steam in ready smaller degree was spent for a repeated warming up of the cylinder.
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